GLOSSARY | |||||||||
( This is explanatory and supporting
the many articles presented on this web site. This is a result of original
research and experiences. This forms the base for some research articles published elsewhere also. Select the words for study topicwise or subject-wise. Do not mix. |
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Abstracting
Abstracting is thinking deeply on a text, narration, article etc. extracting
its net, thematic or fundamental content in a few ideas or sentences.
As an example, a long research paper of 10 or 15 pages can be abstracted
to 10 or 15 sentences . This is a way of consolidating or integrating
the thinking faculty or intellect of thinkers, researchers, students
etc. with a denser or deeper layer of ideas/text. For texts dealing
with practical things, basics and fundamentals are at abstracting level
and for basics and fundamentals, philosophy is at abstracting level.
For philosophical things, metaphysical thinking is the abstracting level.
If a person studies and understands a topic or article honestly,
that person forms (or abstracts) the layers of fundamentals, philosophy
etc. automatically. Experienced
thinkers or experts can easily weigh or assess a long text from its
abstract alone. Summarizing is not equivalent to abstracting Acclimatization This happens automatically with living under care and protection from parents and adults in the case of foresters and forest animals . During acclimatization, animals get used to the background weathers and learns to protect themselves from extreme weathers. In urban situations, things like cold and hot weathers, low and high humidities and winds are controlled artificially or mechanically to various degrees. |
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Belief
An idea, piece of information, myth etc. accepted as a true thing without
any proof or verification is a belief. 'God is omniscient ' is a belief.
Many things taught in schools are blindly accepted or believed by young
students as facts and true. This blind acceptance is due to ' teacher-student'
relationships and social background. In nature living beings go by natural,
instinctual and/or intelligent ways. Beliefs, rituals and similar things
are to be limited to a corner of mind(of religious/faithful persons)
for purposes of self-discipline and to avoide common ignorance and mess.
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Capitalism Wealthy citizens and companies, wealthy societies and a wealthy nation together make a capitalist system. A capitalist system is omnivorous and consumerist and makes other nations simply nations of suppliers and markets. ( See ‘Modern Dynosaurs’ for more details). Concise Oxford Dictionary(9th ed.) defines capitalism as ‘ an economic system in which the production and distribution of goods depend on invested private capital and profit-making ’. Wealth generation and accumulation should be controlled by natural ethics (or natural, evolutionary principles) and relevant laws of social parity and balance. Gold/capital is god; this is the core/central point of capitalism, like god/theology is to a religion. Uncontrolled and consumerist mass productions and profiteering lead to wealth accumulations and capitalist nations. (See Limits of Wealth also). Nature manages ecosystems by the fundamental principle that ‘ to each as needs are, from each as capacities/abilities are’ (see Learn from Nature). This is applicable to human societies also. Common sense Practices, sayings, morals, values, ideas, opinions etc. which are commonly or by all accepted as correct/senseful. This domain of intelligence/knowledge covers health care, family, morals, profession, environment etc. 'Common man' follow common sense Concentration Concentration is a capacity of a person (or individual mind) to anchor (like a boat) to one’s fundamental/core level of mind which is stable, error-free and dependable. It seems the word originated from ‘cone’ and ‘centration’ (or core – centration). ‘Core’ and cone denote the central and deep part of a consolidated/structured cone shaped mind. (see Self and Soul in Glossary). This capacity is learned and acquired by disciplined and principled life. A disciplined person (see Self Discipline) needs ‘self monitoring and controlling’ to remain anchored to his/her correct and stable core-mind. Popularly this faculty of mind is called conscience (or science of cone). See ‘Integrative life’ and ‘Integrity’ in Glossary. |
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Dream
Dreaming is a consequence of working of a person's brain while
sleeping disturbed, overloaded etc.. A person going to sleep with
incomplete work or unprocessed data (in brain) can not stop brain's
activities and sleep immediately. The unfinished work would go on
till end or some solution is reached leading to sleep and the rubbish,
noise etc. produced during bain's working get expressed as dreams.
Ordinarily dreams are to be considered meaningless and rejected. Fundamental
thinking This can be called basic thinking also.
Through this thinking process, a deeper (compared to ordinary or common
thinking) layer of mind (or intellect) is formed (see abstracting
also). In the case of an honest person, this layer of fundamentals
forms automatically. |
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Habiitat
Habits forming environments are the habitats of organisms, for example,
colonies of ants and termites and their background nature. A multitude
of organisms and their combined habitats form a very large habitats’
system or ecosystem Habituate Habits' making or habituating happens automatically in different backgrounds and habitats like forests, rural areas, cities etc. Habitualising happens naturally with living for animals and plants in wild habitats. Acclimatization and routinization are involved in habitualising and these are natural process for animals and plants. |
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Honesty
Honesty is the most fundamental
value in all interactions and transactions and in lone-thinking. If
a person is honest always or in all interactions and transactions, that
person can be considered to be fully coherent and good. Animals who
live instinctually in forests are all honest naturally or 'true to themselves'.
In human groups, honesty is practically ignored or bypassed due to sectarian
or biassed aims and policies. In humans all organs and systems have
to work healthfully and honestly for integrative results. In living
beings, healthy and integrative actions are honest also. Integrity,
good health and honesty go together. Basically all human problems are
due to dishonesty. |
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Idea
One unit of logic, thinking, reasoning, information etc. Hence forms
the basic building block for information and intelligence like a brick
in a wall. Concise Oxford Dictionary (C.O.D. 9-th ed.) defines an idea
as a product of 'mental effort ; e.g.,a mental impression or notion,
concept' etc. "That tree has fruits" ; expresses a specific
idea. Ideas form out of words (e.g., tree, fruits) united together meaningfully
and grammatically. Words contain unit/units of meaning or sense (see
sense also) and form by uniting syllables. Syllables are formed out
of alphabetic symbols. |
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Ideology
The Concise Oxford Dictionary(9th ed.) defines ideology as ‘system
of ideas’, ‘manner of thinking characteristic of a class
or individual’ etc. The first definition is at fundamental level
and the second at a class or individual level. So Marxist political
ideology, a person’s ideology of life, governments ideology and
programmes on urbanization etc. are correct. Tribalism, industrialism,
urbanism etc. are proper coinages to specify different ideologies or
‘views and ways’ characteristic to different classes or
persons. An ideology would deal with all aspects of a subject or a way
of life in full width and depth , e.g., full life during different phases
from birth to death (see spiritual life and integrative life). Urbanites
due to their different ‘views and ways’ in relation to family,
wealth, luxuries etc. fail to have an integrative and fully honest ideology
of life. The only way to tame urbanites is by educating them with a
‘system of ideas’ or by administering them with an integrative
ideology (see Green
values also). This ideology should cover different phases of life,
e.g., childhood, adulthood in different details, i.e., a student should
be clear and certain about his/her youthhood values and ideals, but
can be vague about family life or old age. Changes in a person’s
profession, family status (e.g., marriage,), habitat (e.g., migration
to a city), religion, nationality etc. would necessitate changes in
ideological structure. |
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Impulse
An impulse in brain/mind is an ' in-pulse' due to neuronal or
informational linkings during reading, talks, discussions, thinking
etc. An impulse gets expressed as a response, reaction, ' yes-agreement'
, 'no-disagreement', etc. Often they remain limited to the brain unexpressed
or unnoticed. Strong impulses in brain ( e.g., of emotional nature)
might come out as shouts, angry words or gestures, stressful expressions
etc. in many situations. In deep thinking process, a deep impulse might
get expressed as ' oh I got it' , 'my old hunch turns to be right',
' what Goldi told was right' or one more line in a diagram or write-up
etc. A person of clean and clear mental discipline and concentration
can feel the thinking process in the brain (e.g., ' I think I am nearing
a solution', I think I should change this plan', ' I think I need a
break' etc.). Impulses can be of different types and many ordinary persons
spontaneously express all, whereas some others weigh and control their
impulses. Concise Oxford Dictionary (9-th ed.) defines impulse as, (1)
a wave of excitation in a nerve, (2) mental incitement, (3) a sudden
desire or tendency to act without reflection . |
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Infinity The Concise Oxford Dictionary (9th ed.) defines infinite as �boundless, endless, greater than any assignable quanity�. What is the absolute or only meaning of infinite is a question for studies. Here a quotation is very relevant, �my intellectual limits are my limits of knowing and limits of my universe�. So how much is �boundless� (physically) or �countless� (mathematically) is still tenable. The answer is in the quotation itself. Pose the question to a primary school student; the answer would be � very very big�. Pose it to a science graduate; the answer could be � greater than anything thinkable� . Pose it to a philosopher; the answer could be � it is an abstract word existing in thought/mind, not in matter�. So the Universe which is considered infinite is understood or conceived differently by different persons. The quotation stands correct. Different persons understand something or some amount from the word infinite, depending upon that person�s intellectual or thinking capacity. A theist might say, �God only is infinite� but �god� is only a myth or belief, so at first, a thought/idea/idiom. So meaning of infinity varies with different persons, hence it can be considered as a multidimensional word - abstract, elusive, intangible, personal etc.. (See Universe in this glossary also). | |||||||||
Information Data, details, descriptions, ideas, thoughts, intelligence etc. available from a person, books, T.V., World Wide Web etc. Observations and ideas linked/united together form information. Information can be partial, incomplete, tentative or inconclusive . 'Information' and 'intelligence' are often used synonimously since clear differentiation is not always possible. But in this glossary information is graded to a lower level in the hierarchy of sense, idea, information, intelligence and knowledge. Information's sources are originally outside the brain in the background as objects of sensing, observing, listening etc. . | |||||||||
Instincts
Natural instincts are spontaneous inklings or internal promptings of
an organism in natural (e.g. forests) environments. Include spontaneous
reactions, responses, communications etc. of an organism to background
stimuli. An instinctual reaction happens because an organism's senses
are integrated with its brain and body. Instincts are comparable to
programmed electro-mechanical reactions of an automatic machine to temperature
or humidity changes. Humans and other animals react instinctually in
rural and urban backgrounds also, but in the case of urbanites instincts
are influenced by the planned, engineered and artificial urban background.
See impulse also. |
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Instinctual
life A way of life dominated by instincts as seen in
forests. This life style is fully natural and hence conditioned and
influenced by natural forces like winds, rains, humidity, light, heat
etc. and hence controlled by environment. Foresters who do not have
any contact with outside worlds live instinctually and naturally. In
this case, nature provides all necessities of life like food, water
and shelter. Foresters, tribals, rural farmers, villagers etc., live
natural types of life abiding by natural laws. Humans started generating/forming
intelligence when they started using fire for cooking, spears for hunting,
symbols for communicating etc. |
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Integrative
life A person can be considered to be living wholly integratively
(brahmic life) if that person is self-integrative (i.e., self centered
or core-centered), integrated to environment (i.e., healthy environment)
and integrated to society (i.e., well organized and healthy society).
If society is conflict-ridden and disintegrative, one has to disassociate
from many social activities to maintain integrity. Hence in integrative
life, a person would be living, (1) honestly, (2) with good health,
(3) balanced with nature and (4) balanced with society (i.e., healthy
and well organized society). So forest lives are integrative since they
are fully natural. Most or all tribals and many villagers live integrative
lives. None of urbanites come in this group (see spiritual life also),
due to their urban background and urban ways of life. All types of sensual
(bhramic) lives and mixed-up lives are disintegrative to various degrees. At present no religious person can be considered as fully integrative due to, (1) old or mythical beliefs and theologies, (2) rituals, (3) ‘goldist’ or wealth centered lives and (4) disintegrative or unhealthy society. Any old religion would have dozens of types of followers depending on habitats, livelihoods, works, education, wealth, life styles etc. Some can be living lost lives. Many preachers and ‘holy persons’ are for big and grandiose temples, churches etc., wealth, power and popularity. In this situation, the only right way is to ‘ mind-one’s-own –life’ by living an integrative life. Presently, when majority is welth centered, sensual, urban etc., this would require a ‘system of ideas’ (see ideology), integratively and knowledgeably formulated to suit one’s own health, values, wealth , family and environment. |
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Integrity
This is a core or fundamental formation (or network) in brain which
forms as a result of honest, healthy and integrative living. Through
integrative living, one learns and forms deep layers in mind. These
different layers and formations (neuronal) get networked and anchored
to a core region of brain. This core is the integrity-formation of a
mind/person. As it is a core-formation, it functions similar to the
heal (calcaneus bone) of foot which firstly or primarily supports the
whole body. The ordinary (or interactive and transactive) formations
of mind function like toes and front part of foot with independence,
flexibility and unity. |
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Intellect
The source region or faculty of thinking, intelligence and new
ideas. (See intelligence below). Ideally intellect is a coherent and
consolidated formation in brain of some permanency. This faculty forms
with learning and practising/experiencing. Hence an intelligent person
becomes an intellectual, not always since intellectuality needs practical
experiences with one's learnings and intelligence. So a lawyer, scientist,
writer etc. can be considered intellectuals. Agrees with C.O.D. (9-th
ed.); 'the faculty of reasoning, knowing and thinking as distinct from
feeling'. See 'mind' and 'thinking' also. |
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Intelligence
Expressions, ideas, concepts, theories, plans etc. of the mental faculty
intellect. One has to become intelligent by learning from nature, others,
books, T.V., World Wide Web, etc. Printed articles or other outputs
of one person become sources of intelligence or learning materials for
others. One definition in C.O.D. (9-th ed.) of intelligence is, 'archaic
information in general; news'. Intelligence is usually considered as
more coherent and/or consolidated than information. (See also 'information'
)
Intelligent life A way of life (e.g. urban life) wherein necessities of day-to-day life like food, water, dress, house, medicines etc. are made by oneself or bought/brought from suppliers or markets. This way of life proceeds from or supplements instinctual level of life. (See instinctual life also.) In urban situations, many devices and wears control or minimise the effects of heat, light, humidity, winds etc. Many types of energies and machines, all products of science and technology, speed up life and works in cities. Hence instinctual features of fully natural life are controlled, suppressed or curtailed. ( See urban life also. ) Intran Abbreviation for ' interactions and transactions'. Plural can be 'intrans'. Very useful in describing behavioural aspects. Knowing Knowing involves many inputing/informing process like sensing & perceiving, thinking & understanding, conceptualizing, abstracting, philosophizing etc. Hence knowledge is the abstract or consolidation of many related ideas, intelligence, concepts etc. Intelligence/information which is absolute certainty is a piece of knowledge. So a student 'knows' addition & substraction, a philosopher 'knows' the philosophical aspects of life, a mother 'knows' her child. Hence, 'I have observed it', ' I have studied it', 'I am well informed about it', 'I am experienced in it', and 'I know it' are all different. An idea is surficial and one dimensional like a straight line; information and intelligence are two dimensional or cubical like a slice of mango whereas knowledge is cubical, consolidated and fully coherent like a full mango. Learning
Learnings are inputs to the brain which are accepted by the intellect
as senseful, right, correct, logical, significant etc. in sensing, talking,
discussing, reading, experimenting etc. These can be ideas, intelligence,
concepts, theories, observations etc. These inputs are sorted, arranged,
grouped and organized to form the intellect or the intellectual faculty
of brain. If these inputs are dishonestly
or carelessly dealt with, no coherent
information can be formed in brain. Indisciplined and disordered persons
can have vague or uncertain ideas and blurred memories (or mismemories). Metaphysical thinking Philosophical thoughts and ideas are abstracted to a deeper layer of metaphysics in mind/intellect. (See abstracting also). Concise Oxford Dictionary (9th ed.) defines mataphysics as ‘ the theoretical philosophy of being and knowing’. Metaphysical layer can be called the ‘core’ of mind also (see self and soul). Mystics call this mystical thinking (or in other words, mystical practice). Mind
Colloquially mind is what is 'meant' by a person about himself / herself.
Fundamentally, mind is the faculty which deals with self-organization
and learning. Hence mind is the logistics of a person and is substrated
or stored in the brain. Practices and living make the learnings neuromuscular.
Self-disciplining, self-management and self-monitoring and controlling
are almost equivalent to self-organization. Evidently, this 'brain-formation'
or faculty does not encompass the full brain. Self-organization faculty
connects itself with other parts of brain like conscience, intellect
and 'formations' dealing with beliefs, self-respect and honour, love,
hatred, passion, kindness, braveness etc. All these 'formations' and
faculties are meaningfully and coherently linked and organized in the
brain with appropriate priorities and significances for time / periods,
places, issues, costs, persons etc. for a conflictles mind. This is
Ordinary
person A normally interacting and transacting person.
Education, training and disciplining within family and society contribute
a lot to normal development and behaviour. Philosophical
thinking This can be called philosophising also (see abstracting).
For a student of philosophy or for a philosopher, this mode of thinking
is used to and is an easy process. ( See Concise Oxford Dictionary,
9th ed. also). Metaphysical thinking comes as next deeper layer.
Plutocracy :
The rule by the rich and powerful or the top class and their supporters is called plutocracy. The Concise Oxford Dictionary (9th ed.) defines it as the 'government by the wealthy'. As the ruling class becomes the rich and influencial section of the society, how many ways they can manipulate or outmanoeuvre the political and administrative process is anybody's guess. This becomes very common when rules are misinterpreted to suit situations and persons. See "Well, Mis, Ill" '(www.atozofliving.org/well-mis-ill.html)' for different types of situations. In popular democratic backgrounds ('one man - one vote' democracy), the government and administrative set-up would remain the same or basically the same, when social changes take place. When the ruling class changes (e.g., conservative to liberals), constitution, society and administrative ways would remain the same. Only outward and popular changes can take place normally. (Revolutionary situations and changes are rare). 'One man - one vote' popular democracy is a product of decades of popular democratic decay. Ideally democracy would work well when citizens are law abiding, responsible and disciplined. The citizens are to be well aware of the duties and responsibilities of a citizen in the national society. In India, on an average, only about 55 to 60% of the eligible citizens vote. The remaining about 45% are like social outcasts, and they remain a minority. Research
Using/exercising the intellect/mind for generating/forming new ideas,
concepts, models, theories etc. or for solving intellectual problems.
Research is a specialized mental activity or brain work which needs
prior learnings, studies, trainings etc. Since research involves new
studies, solving problems, experiments etc., there is scope for errors,
guesses, guesstimates, tentative conclusions, propositions, trial and
error methods etc. Research involves search or restudy of published
results. Rubbishings
See strayings(below) first. If strayings continue they can grow into
rubbishing. Rubbishing can increase due to unsolved issues, problems
or emotional things in the thinking background. These are like wastes
generated by a carpenter while cutting, drilling, chiseling, etc. and
these can cause tension and hinder smooth working and living, if not
cleaned or cared properly. During emotional or strained discussions,
some burst out in rubbish talks due to accumulated rubbishings. In lone-thinking,
studying etc. rubbish in working mind can cause worries, tension, anger
etc. 'Do not talk rubbish' and 'no nonsense' can filter all rubbishings. Self Myself is meant for self reference to the person himself or herself. Self alone means 'individuality' , 'essence', core, soul, etc. Hence my self means 'my essence or core', 'my individuality, my knowledge (see knowing also) etc. and this ordinarily is mind. Mind is substrated in brain neuronally and is not visible. See mind also. Self-Discipline/Self-anchoring Self-anchoring, self-disciplining, self-organising and self-managing come under one title, �self-monitoring and controlling� capacity of a person. This ability of mind/person is directly related to the main faculty of mind, �intellect� that is of deep and core nature. Day-to-day interactions and tranctions take place under constant internal watch of self-monitorng and controlling faculty (SEMOCOF) and this faculty (or sub-faculty of intellect) is directly linked/related to the core learnings or intellect (see �Intellect� in this Glossary). So self-anchoring plays a vital role in day-to-day life for any independently and integratively living person. (Dependent persons anchor, to various degrees, to others like parents, seniors, teachers, employers etc.). Self-disciplined persons live integratively and develop strong integrity. Self-anchoring can be compared to anchoring of a boat in the coastal sea. An anchored boat remains positioned and nondrifting around its anchor, let waves roll past, winds blow strong or light or currents flow this way or that way. Similarly a self-disciplined person lives and behaves with anchored mind, to its core values, in thinking, planning, working and living. Read the quotation by Corrie Ten Boom, � the tree on the mountain takes whatever the weather brings. If it has any choice at all, it is in putting down roots as deeply as possible� . Similarly an anchored person, independent and individualistic, face all types of persons and problems with deep roots or anchoring to that person�s learnings and core values. (See � Integrative life� in this Glossary,�Self-discipline� and �Quotations on life and living� for more details.). Sense One unit of 'meaning'. Simple words (e.g., he, that) contain one unit of sense. Compound words contain two or more units of senses(e.g., egalitarian, sustainability). (See word also.) Sense organs These are special organs of humans and other animals for inputing sensations caused by lights, sounds, odours, foods, drinks etc., touches/contacts and heat into the brain. In humans they are, eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin with sensors of touch/pressure and heat. These organs are complex and sensitive. Incident signals of light falling in eyes, stimulate receptor cells in eyes called photoreceptors and cause different sensations depending on organism’s specialities of eyes. Similarly other sense organs alsofunction with different types of receptors. Pain receptors are found in skin and internal parts of body. Proprioceptors are found in tendons, muscles and joints for overall body balancing and movements. Sensitivities of different sense organs of various persons and animals differ, depending on tolerances and backgrounds.Input sensations are processed and interpreted by organisms, according to their brain and learned filters. These cause different responses (e.g., sounds of fear, anger), reactions (a hello, smile, patting etc.) and otherinteractive things. Hence sense organs (mainly eyes and ears in humans), sense, connect, align, resent/repel organisms. Once alignment is established communications and other actions follow. Sensing
and perceiving Inputing of signals by sense organs like
eyes, ears etc. is sensing. Sense organs have inbuilt capacities to
convert signals from outside of light, sound, heat etc. into stimuli
depending on the sensitivity of the sense organs. These stimuli pass
through filters called perspectives and generate percepts.The process
of forming percepts out of signals or stimuli is called perceiving.
Percepts normally form impressions or ideas. (See idea and sense also)
Sensitivities of sense organs depend on health, interests, likes, life
styles etc. Sleep
'I feel sleepy' is a normal way of expressing one's need to sleep .
The urgent need is to lie down, because the brain or some part of brain
is tired or exhausted. During normal or regular working many become
strained, tired, exhausted etc., and then one needs to rest and relax.
At night when a person is sleepy, that person needs to lie down to rest
the whole body and as a consequence, to rest and relax the whole brain,
the organizing, monitoring and controlling system of a living organism.
So 'to feel sleepy' means the brain needs rest. During sleep the brain
and other parts of body rest and recoup their efficiency and efficacy.
Soul Sole idea, concept, belief etc. around which a person's ideology/consciense/mind can be formed or developed like a conical beam of light from a torch. ' Be honest always' can be an idea centred around which a person can develop a 'soul' in mind through regular practices and honest living. As time passes, the 'soul-formation' in brain acquires depth, width, consolidation and permanency. Religiously or otherwise, it is believed by many that soul is the inner most part of mind where God resides in a person. Sound
Noise, voice etc. produced by any source and audible to ears. Symbolised
sounds form the alphabet of a language. Alphabets have vowels, consonants
and syllables as units of sound. Words are formed by one or more syllables.
Strayings These are weak brain sensations (often go unnoticed or ignored) due to uncertain or sray neuronal linking or activity during sensing and perceiving, talking, thinking, idling etc. These stray, passing impulses/impressions are normally ignored by a person, but sometimes can cause expressions of nonsense like stray words, avoidance or distractive actions etc. Strayings can be compared to fluttering of leaves or disturbing noise from a radio. Syllables Units of sound which are formed out of alphabetic symbols(vowels and consonants). C.O.D.(9-th ed.) defines syllable as 'a unit of pronounciation uttered without interruption, forming the whole or a part of a word' . Thinking A quality or ability of intellect/mind (or person). Ideally intellect (see intellect also) ia a coherent and consolidated formation of stable and/or long-term some permanency in the brain. Hence coherent thinking by a person causes meaningful thoughts, ideas, expressions etc. and their meaningful recordings or writings to the brain called understandings. Mixed-up thinking and living (or 'mixing' as opposite to clean thinking and living) causes misunderstandings, fuzz, mistakes, errors, shabby expressions and writings etc. Scientifically, thinking can be defined as 'logical operations' performed in the brain or intellect, following established rules/criteria and basic learnings [e.g., (1+10) - 5 = 6 is a piece of mathematical logic]. Similarly, 'be honest' and 'do not kill' are socially established pieces of logic or morals in day-to-day living. Comparing, associating, relating, reasoning etc. are common thinking methods. Comparison seems to be the most common logical operation, often done subconsciously. In the same way as words are united together meaningfully and grammatically to form ideas, ideas are to be united/aligned meaningfully and logically to generate intelligence. This is done by the intellect. 'Mixing' or mis-thinking is oposite of thinking and many colloquial communications, guessing, fussing, daydreaming, imaginations, chatting etc. involve mixing of different degrees. 'Exercise the mind positively with one's ideas etc.' (C.O.D., 9-th ed.) is a very generalised definition of thinking' which includes many of the above details. Word
Words are formed out of one or more syllables(e.g., a, he, me, hard,
philosophical) and contain sense or senses (see sense also). |